1. Te inenga Photometric: Ka taea e koe te kowhiri i te roangaru whakamatautau kotahi-waahi me te tikanga whakamatautau e hiahiatia ana e koe i roto i te awhe o te 320-1100nm hei whakatau i te whakaurunga, te whakawhiti ranei o te tauira.Ka taea hoki e koe te panui tika i te kukū o te tauira ma te whakauru i te kukū paerewa, te take kukū ranei.
2. Te ine ine: Inehia te tauira otinga o te kukū e kore e mohiotia ana ma te anau o nga ahuatanga tawhā e mohiotia ana, te whakatu aunoa ranei i te arai otinga paerewa;me te raupapa tuatahi, te raupapa tuatahi-kore-whakawhitinga, te raupapa tuarua, me te raupapa-tuatoru o te raupapa pihinga, me te whakatikatika i te roangaru kotahi, te roangaru rua te whakatikatika isoabsorption, te tikanga e toru-ira hei whiriwhiri;ka taea te penapena me te maumahara i te pihi paerewa;
3. Te inenga tohu: Whakaritea he awhe roangaru me te waahi karapa, ka ine i te urunga, te whakawhiti, te whakaata me te kaha o nga tauira totoka, wai ranei i nga waahi.Ka taea hoki te topa, te maeneene, te tātari, te kimi, te penapena, te ta, me etahi atu o te awhiowhio ine;
4. Te ine i te wa: Ka kiia hoki ko te inenga o te wa ko te inenga kinetic.Ka karapahia te tauira i nga waahi o te wa o te whakaurunga, te whakawhiti ranei i runga i te waahi roangaru kua whakaritea.Ka taea hoki te huri ki te kukū, ki te tātai tere tauhohenga mā te whakauru i tētahi tauwehe kukū.
Te tataunga tere o te tauhohenga o te enzyme.He maha nga tikanga tukatuka mapi penei i te whakatauine, te whakaene, te tātari, te kitenga o te tihi me te raorao, me te whakaputanga mo to whiringa;
5. Te inenga-maha-roa: Ka taea e koe te whakarite kia 30 nga tohu roangaru hei ine i te whakaurunga, te whakawhiti ranei o te otinga tauira.
6. Nga mahi awhina: ko te wa whakahiato o te rama rama tungsten, rama deuterium, rama tungsten motuhake ka tahuri atu, ka mutu, ko te UV me te marama e kitea ana te whakawhiti i te waahanga roangaru, te whiriwhiringa reo whakahaere (Hainamana, Ingarihi), te roangaru te whakatikatika aunoa.
